Visible layers vs AI wash-out

Side-by-side pairs from the Jingwei user guide: protected (left) vs after an AI watermark-removal / local repair attempt (right). Red boxes mark smears, blocks, or misaligned structure.

Jingwei Declaration (JW). Invisible; Verify reads footer strip and declaration fields Often survives light compression; full AI repaint may remove it

DWT frequency watermark. Invisible; Verify can extract attribution Local repaint may weaken; heavy repaint may erase

LSB steganography. Invisible; sensitive to lossy pipelines JPEG re-save and screenshots often break it

Tracking anchors. Invisible; may match after crop/scale Full repaint may break; cropped images may still trace